Law UCC Essay and Multiple Q&A Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law UCC and Multiple Q&A - Essay Example This Article is regulatory in function both protecting the payee and signee of the order/payor (Cornell University Law School, 2005). Because Article 3 deals directly with the definition of payments and how it is coursed through from institutional bodies such as banks to the payee, specific terms and conditions apply to its sections. I have observed that portions of sections in this Article is clear and simple to follow. One such illustration is Section 3-114 wherein terms on an instrument are made understandable as guidelines to settle contradictions. I perceive that written words representing numerical values are likely than written numbers. Hand writing is most valued than typewritten documents while printed papers are the least utilized in filling up an instrument. One reason for all these is that specific presentation of values, such as spelling, and handwriting offers a proof of participation of the instrument’s signee in the payment system. Essay 2 Article 4: The Fourth Article of UCC is about the applicability of banking in business transactions. It clarifies the roles and responsibilities of the bank and its relationship with its customers. Bank responsibilities, in legal terms with respect to an item for the purpose of payment, presentment or collection are governed by law of the place where the bank is (Cornell University Law School, 2005). This Article [4] are also within  Articles 3 and 8, they are subject to  those Articles.  Ã‚   If there is conflict,  this Article  governs Article 3, but  Article 8  governs this Article.† (Cornell Law University, 2005). There is overlapping of statements of Articles 4, 3 and 8, which shares the same topic. These terms are included to provide for the relationship of bank and customer according to the presiding bank law in the area. If this violates a specific existing guideline on banking, Articles 3 and 8, automatically governs the transaction. Another example of overlapping of stateme nts is in Article 4-106a-c. The difference between â€Å"payable thru† and â€Å"payable at† creates enormous variation in the payment process. Moreover, there are two alternative clauses with â€Å"payable at† both has different methods of payment. The payee either can receive a draft drawn on the bank or the payment which was collected from the payor. The latter process involves the bank as channel and requires the bank to collect only and is not authorized to pay.

Face Recognition Ability Inherited Separately from IQ Essay Example for Free

Face Recognition Ability Inherited Separately from IQ Essay This article supports the modularity hypothesis of the brain where it is expressed that the human brain is like a Swiss knife that is represented as â€Å"a general purpose tool with special-purpose devices† (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010, n. p. ). Such kind of mentality is based on the idea that specialized genes are located in various regions of the brain which function for specific cognitive abilities like face recognition. In attempt to further investigate this issue, the researchers studied the relationship of face recognition to heritable characteristics by utilizing the help of 102 pairs of identical twins and 71 pairs of fraternal twins. The experiment made use of black-and white images of 20 different faces which were shown to each participant on a computer screen each for one minute and this step was followed by the mixing of 10 of the original 20 faces to 20 new faces. Results showed that identical twins, whose genes are 100% common, were more likely to provide matched results of the face experiment (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010). Moreover, 39% of the variance is attributed to genetic effects thereby suggesting that face recognition is a heritable trait. IQ relatedness of face recognition, on the other hand, was investigated by employing the participation of 321 students which revealed that the ability to recognize faces is independent of IQ (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010). The results gathered in this study affirm the hypothesis that some cognitive skills are not correlated with IQ which is the indicator of general intelligence (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010). Subsequent studies are intended to investigate if other cognitive abilities like language processing, navigation, reading and the likes are related to IQ. Consequently, the significance of these findings is seen on the study of autism and dyslexia because these heritable developmental disorders might also be dictated by specific genes on the human brain. Lastly, the findings presented on this paper are believed to be credible because they are grounded on empirically derived evidence. However, it is suggested that a larger sample size must be used to further confirm the statistical acceptability of the results. Nevertheless, the researchers made substantial and highly qualified efforts on the choice of participants because identical and fraternal twins are really the most appropriate subjects for studies that investigate heritable properties. In general, this study is a timely research endeavor that can lead to a series of promising effects in the fields of neurobiology and developmental psychology. Reference: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2010, January 20). Face recognition ability inherited separately from IQ. Science Daily.

The I.R.A: Activists or Terrorists? :: essays research papers fc

I do not support the I.R.A, as I do not support Marxist or terrorists. The political wing of the I.R.A (Sinn Fein) is communists hiding under a nationalist stance. Gerry Adams is the man who heads the Sinn Fein; the man who replaced Martin McGuinness as the leader of the Sinn Fein. The actual I.R.A has splintered due to the communist tyranny the Sinn Fein has invoked on them. There’s the real I.R.A who are nationalists and wanted the British out. The will not talk to the British, as they feel they are foreign invaders. Then there's the Provo I.R.A and there nothing more then Marxist terrorist. There whole strategy is based on very fashionable Marxist politics. The current Provo I.R.A slogan â€Å"I ran away† plainly states,† It doesn’t matter if we are Marxist, just blindly follow usâ€Å". Now the I.R.A had a legit fight, but once there political wing got corrupted with the red disease, everything went down hill. They started going after protestant church es, little children and other innocent people. That's not tolerable, it’s one thing to go after military targets and other government institutes, but once you start going after innocent civilians, that's crossing the line between activist and terrorist thug. The U.D.A (Ulster Defense Association) is no better, as there more concerned with there drug trafficking, then defending Ulster from these Marxist Terrorist. Now I want a united Ireland, it sickens to me to hear bout these so called nationalists killing there own brothers over some church divisions. A united Ireland is what I want to see, I want to see them unite and rid Ireland of there true enemy, the Marxist who have for the last 40 years been playing with there lives. In the 1920’s, the British wanted to get out of northern Ireland as it was during World war 1. Britain did not have one solid voice. So they pulled out. There was a protestant majority that felt they where British, and wanted to stay British. So Britain decided to partition Ireland. The Brits would take control of the northern part of Ireland, and call it Northern Ireland. They would leave the rest of the island for the Irish. Neither side was happy about this outcome. The majority of the Irish bitterly accepted this. They felt Northern Ireland would collapse under it‘s own weight. A group of brave Irish nationalist did not stand for this, and fought tooth and nail to rise against the British.

Manila Zoo Background Essay

The Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden or Manila Zoo emerged from the ashes of World War II, a proud monument of man’s innate love of nature and its multitude of creatures. This showcase of then Mayor Arsenio H. Lacson’s vision was born on May 18, 1959 by virtue of City Ordinance No. 4135 and inaugurated on July 25, 1959. Mayor Antonio Z. Villegas’ Executive Order No. 10, dated February 1, 1967, integrated into one office the Division of Recreational Services of the Social Welfare Bureau and the Division of Parks and Playgrounds of the Department of Engineering and Public Works with the Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden. The new office was known as the Manila Zoo and Public Recreations Bureau. On June 15, 1969 the Congress of the Philippines enacted R.A. 5264 creating what now is known as the Public Recreations Bureau (PRB). The Manila Zoo is a 5.5-hectare (14-acre) zoo located in Manila, Philippines that opened it’s doors to the public on July 25, 1959. It receives millions of visitors every year, and is especially popular with visitors on weekends. It serves as one of the educational centers in the country where the viewing public can observe, discover and learn interesting facts about the beauty of Philippine fauna and flora. There are 106 species of animals, among which are 30 different kinds of mammals, 63 reptile species and 13 types of birds. In addition to popular zoo occupants such as elephant, tigers, lions and the hippos, Manila Zoo also houses several endemic and indigenous species of animals like the bearcat, long-tailed macaques and crocodiles. There is also a Kinder Zoo inside the Manila Zoo where anyone can roam around freely and interact with the animals inside. Children can play with tamed animals at the same time learn about them and their environment. The Kinder Zoo features different attractions and animals from all over the world like Butterfly Dome, Exotic Birds Aviary, Koi Pond, Philippine Mouse Deer House, Petting Zoo, Turtle Pond, Party Barn, Playground, Hanging Bridge and Flamingo Pond. Animals inside include exotic birds, pot belly pigs, miniature animals, Cayman crocodiles, peacocks and peahen ducks, chickens from around the world, rabbits, snakes, ostriches, and Sulcata tortoises. At the center of the zoo is a small lagoon or pond where visitors can experience boat riding. There  is a small island at the center of the lagoon. Boat riders paddle their way around this island. There are also many restaurants, canteens and souvenir shops inside the zoo. The zoo also has several playgrounds for the children and tables and benches where families may have picnics. With a good mix of education and entertainment purposes, the Manila Zoo does its best to appeal to everyone. ANIMALS The Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden is home to more than 800 animals from nearly 100 species as of 2007. The zoo’s most popular resident is Mali, an Asian elephant who arrived at the zoo as an orphaned calf donated from Sri Lanka. List of Animals: Multicolored Stork Blue-crowned Heron Purple Heron Rufous Night Heron Indian Blue Peafowl Leucistic Indian Peafowl Bengal tiger Philippine Monkey Silver Fox Palawan Bearcat Stump-tailed Macaque Philippine Crocodile Estuarine Crocodile Domestic Horse Wild Boar Miniature Brahman Green Iguana Sailfin Lizard Elongated Tortoise Philippine Cobra Burmese Python Reticulated Python Tarictic Hornbill Rufous Hornbill Catalina Macaw Hybrid Macaw Umbrella Cockatoo Moluccan Cockatoo Sulfur-crested Cockatoo Rufous-bellied Eagle Eastern Grass-owl Large-billed Crow Philippine Eagle-owl Philippine Scops-owl Banded Rail Bittern Blue-naped Parrot Brown Booby Crested Myna Egret Gallinule Mallard Palawan Peacock-pheasant Pond Heron Purple Swamphen Spotted Dove Ring-necked Parakeet Turtle Dove Water Hen White Ibis Nicobar Pigeon Fruit Bat Luzon Bleeding-heart Hanging parrot Malayan Civet Palawan Bearcat Monitor lizard Soft-shelled Turtle Goose Rhea Cassowary Ostrich Hippopotamus Zebra Llama Coati Japanese Macaque Cloud Rat Orangutan Goat Guinea Pig Rabbit BOTANICAL GARDEN The Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden is home to many plant collections, from the botanically rich and diverse Philippine Islands and South Pacific region. An estimated 500 species of plants including impressive mature shade trees thrive within the enclave. Aside from being a botanical garden, it is also considered as an arboretum.

Passage to India Analysis

Stylistics (literature) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | This article's  tone  or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. See Wikipedia's  guide to writing better articles  for suggestions. (October 2010)| Stylistics  is the study and interpretation of texts from a linguistic perspective. As a discipline it links  literary criticism  and  linguistics, but has no autonomous domain of its own. 1][2]  The preferred object of stylistic studies is  literature, but not exclusively â€Å"high literature† but also other forms of written texts such as text from the domains of  advertising,  pop culture,  politics  or  religion. [3] Stylistics also attempts to establish principles capable of explaining the particular choices made by individuals and social groups in their use of language, such as  socialisation, the production and reception of  meaning, critical  discourse analysis  and  literary criticism.Other featur es of stylistics include the use of  dialogue, including regional  accents  and people’s  dialects, descriptive language, the use of  grammar, such as the  active voice  or  passive voice, the distribution of  sentence  lengths, the use of particular  language registers, etc. In addition, stylistics is a distinctive term that may be used to determine the connections between the form and effects within a particular variety of language. Therefore, stylistics looks at what is ‘going on’ within the language; what the linguistic associations are that the style of language reveals.Contents  Ã‚  [hide]   * 1  Early twentieth century * 2  Late twentieth century * 3  Literary stylistics * 3. 1  Poetry * 3. 2  Implicature * 3. 3  Tense * 3. 4  The point of poetry * 4  See also * 5  Notes * 6  References and related reading * 7  External links| ——————————â⠂¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- [edit]Early twentieth century The analysis of literary style goes back to  Classical rhetoric, but modern stylistics has its roots in  Russian Formalism,[4]  and the related  Prague School, in the early twentieth century. In 1909,  Charles Bally's  Traite de tylistique francaise  had proposed stylistics as a distinct academic discipline to complementSaussurean  linguistics. For Bally, Saussure's linguistics by itself couldn't fully describe the language of personal expression. [5]  Bally's programme fitted well with the aims of the Prague School. [6] Building on the ideas of the Russian Formalists, the Prague School developed the concept of  foregrounding, whereby poetic language stands out from the background of non-literary language by means of  deviation  (from the norms of everyday language) or  parallelism. 7]  According to the Prague School, the background language isn't fixed, and the relationship betw een poetic and everyday language is always shifting. [8] ————————————————- [edit]Late twentieth century Roman Jakobson  had been an active member of the Russian Formalists and the Prague School, before emigrating to America in the 1940s. He brought together Russian Formalism and American  New Criticism  in his  Closing Statement  at a conference on stylistics at  Indiana University  in 1958. 9]  Published as  Linguistics and Poetics  in 1960, Jakobson's lecture is often credited with being the first coherent formulation of stylistics, and his argument was that the study of poetic language should be a sub-branch of linguistics. [10]  The  poetic function  was one of six general  functions of language  he described in the lecture. Michael Halliday  is an important figure in the development of British stylistics. [11]  His 1971 study  Lingu istic Function and Literary Style: An Inquiry into the Language of William Golding's ‘The Inheritors'  is a key essay. 12]  One of Halliday's contributions has been the use of the term  register  to explain the connections between language and its context. [13]For Halliday register is distinct from  dialect. Dialect refers to the habitual language of a particular user in a specific geographical or social context. Register describes the choices made by the user,[14]  choices which depend on three variables:  field  (â€Å"what the participants†¦ are actually engaged in doing†, for instance, discussing a specific subject or topic),[15]tenor  (who is taking part in the exchange) and  mode  (the use to which the language is being put).Fowler comments that different fields produce different language, most obviously at the level of  vocabulary  (Fowler. 1996, 192) The linguist  David Crystal  points out that Halliday’s ‘tenorâ⠂¬â„¢ stands as a roughly equivalent term for ‘style’, which is a more specific alternative used by linguists to avoid ambiguity. (Crystal. 1985, 292) Halliday’s third category,  mode, is what he refers to as the symbolic organisation of the situation. Downes recognises two distinct aspects within the category of mode and suggests that not only does it describe the relation to the medium: written, spoken, and so on, but also describes the  genre  of the text. Downes. 1998, 316) Halliday refers to genre as pre-coded language, language that has not simply been used before, but that predetermines the selection of textual meanings. The linguist  William Downes  makes the point that the principal characteristic of register, no matter how peculiar or diverse, is that it is obvious and immediately recognisable. (Downes. 1998, 309) ————————————————- [ edit]Literary stylistics In  The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, Crystal observes that, in practice, most stylistic analysis has attempted to deal with the complex and ‘valued’ language within literature, i. . ‘literary stylistics’. He goes on to say that in such examination the scope is sometimes narrowed to concentrate on the more striking features of literary language, for instance, its ‘deviant’ and abnormal features, rather than the broader structures that are found in whole texts or discourses. For example, the compact language of poetry is more likely to reveal the secrets of its construction to the  stylistician  than is the language of plays and novels. (Crystal. 1987, 71). [edit]PoetryAs well as conventional styles of language there are the unconventional – the most obvious of which is  poetry. In  Practical Stylistics,  HG Widdowson  examines the traditional form of the  epitaph, as found on headstones in a cemetery. For example: His memory is dear today As in the hour he passed away. (Ernest C. Draper ‘Ern’. Died 4. 1. 38) (Widdowson. 1992, 6) Widdowson makes the point that such sentiments are usually not very interesting and suggests that they may even be dismissed as ‘crude verbal carvings’ and crude verbal disturbance (Widdowson, 3).Nevertheless, Widdowson recognises that they are a very real attempt to convey feelings of human loss and preserve affectionate recollections of a beloved friend or family member. However, what may be seen as poetic in this language is not so much in the formulaic  phraseology  but in where it appears. The verse may be given undue reverence precisely because of the sombre situation in which it is placed. Widdowson suggests that, unlike words set in stone in a graveyard, poetry is unorthodox language that vibrates with inter-textual implications. Widdowson. 1992, 4) Two problems with a stylistic analysis of poetry are noted by  PM Wetherill  in  Literary Text: An Examination of Critical Methods. The first is that there may be an over-preoccupation with one particular feature that may well minimise the significance of others that are equally important. (Wetherill. 1974, 133) The second is that any attempt to see a text as simply a collection of stylistic elements will tend to ignore other ways whereby meaning is produced. (Wetherill. 1974, 133) [edit]ImplicatureIn ‘Poetic Effects’ from  Literary Pragmatics, the  linguist  Adrian Pilkington  analyses the idea of ‘implicature’, as instigated in the previous work of  Dan Sperber  and  Deirdre Wilson. Implicature may be divided into two categories: ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ implicature, yet between the two extremes there are a variety of other alternatives. The strongest implicature is what is emphatically implied by the speaker or writer, while weaker implicatures are the wider possibilitie s of meaning that the hearer or reader may conclude.Pilkington’s ‘poetic effects’, as he terms the concept, are those that achieve most relevance through a wide array of weak implicatures and not those meanings that are simply ‘read in’ by the hearer or reader. Yet the distinguishing instant at which weak implicatures and the hearer or reader’s conjecture of meaning diverge remains highly subjective. As Pilkington says: ‘there is no clear cut-off point between assumptions which the speaker certainly endorses and assumptions derived purely on the hearer’s responsibility. ’ (Pilkington. 991, 53) In addition, the stylistic qualities of poetry can be seen as an accompaniment to Pilkington’s poetic effects in understanding a poem's meaning. [edit]Tense Widdowson points out that in  Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s poem â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner† (1798), the mystery of the Mariner’s abrupt appea rance is sustained by an idiosyncratic use of tense. (Widdowson. 1992, 40) For instance, the Mariner ‘holds’ the wedding-guest with his ‘skinny hand’ in the  present tense, but releases it in the  past tense(‘†¦ his hands dropt he. ‘); only to hold him again, this time with his ‘glittering eye’, in the present. Widdowson. 1992, 41) [edit]The point of poetry Widdowson notices that when the content of poetry is summarised, it often refers to very general and unimpressive observations, such as ‘nature is beautiful; love is great; life is lonely; time passes’, and so on. (Widdowson. 1992, 9) But to say: Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore, So do our minutes hasten to their end †¦ William Shakespeare, ‘60’. Or, indeed: Love, all alike, no season knows nor clime, Nor hours, days months, which are the rags of time †¦ John Donne, ‘The Sun Rising’,  Poems  (1633)This language gives us[who? ]  a new perspective on familiar themes and allows us to look at them without the personal or social conditioning that we unconsciously associate with them. (Widdowson. 1992, 9) So, although we[who? ]  may still use the same exhausted words and vague terms like ‘love’, ‘heart’ and ‘soul’ to refer to human experience, to place these words in a new and refreshing context allows the poet the ability to represent humanity and communicate honestly. This, in part, is stylistics, and this, according to Widdowson, is the point of poetry (Widdowson. 1992, 76).

The Difference Between Extortion and Blackmail

The Difference Between Extortion and Blackmail The Difference Between Extortion and Blackmail The Difference Between Extortion and Blackmail By Maeve Maddox Two legal terms similar in meaning are extortion and blackmail. Both involve the practice of getting money from victims with threats. Extortion comes from Latin extortionem, a twisting out. The crime involves obtaining something, usually money, from a person by force or wrongful use of authority or power. A former city of Miami police officer charged with extortion is accused of writing a false police report and protecting purportedly stolen property in exchange for payments, authorities said. The term blackmail originated in reference to the protection money demanded by clan chieftains from Scottish farmers in exchange for leaving them alone. The word has always conjured up the image in my mind of a black envelope containing a threat and a demand for money. In fact, the mail part of blackmail derives from Middle English male, rent, tribute. Old English mal meant lawsuit, terms, bargaining, agreement. The black of blackmail refers to association of the color black with evil. In modern usage blackmail differs from extortion in that the money or other valuable object or act is not extorted by threat of direct bodily harm, but by the threat of revealing something presumed to be injurious to the victim. A CBS News producer who blackmailed David Letterman for $2 million [about extra-marital affairs] is going away for six months This difference in meaning between blackmail and extortion obtains in American English, but in cruising the web to prepare this post, I discovered evidence that the original use of blackmail to mean extortion by threat of physical harm may still be current in British English: Blackmailer threatened to nail victims hand to floor: A BLOCK paver who threatened to nail a mans hand to the floor if he did not get the  £1,000 owed to him has been jailed for three years. A BLACKMAILER tried to extort  £40,000 from a businessman by threatening to kill him and dismember his body. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†75 Idioms and Expressions That Include â€Å"Break†January 1 Doesn't Need an "st"

The History of Soda Pop and Carbonated Beverages

The History of Soda Pop and Carbonated Beverages The history of soda pop (also known colloquially in different regions of the United States as soda, pop, coke, soft drinks, or carbonated beverages) dates back to the 1700s. This timeline chronicles the popular drink from its creation when it was touted as a health drink to rising concerns that soda- sweetened naturally or artificially- is a contributing factor to a growing health crisis. Inventing (Un)Natural Mineral Water Strictly speaking, carbonated beverages in the form of beer and champagne have been around for centuries. Carbonated drinks that dont pack an alcoholic punch have a shorter history. By the 17th century, Parisian street vendors were selling a noncarbonated version of lemonade, and cider certainly wasnt all that hard to come by but the first drinkable man-made glass of carbonated water wasnt invented until the 1760s. Natural mineral waters have been thought to have curative powers since Roman times. Pioneering soft-drink inventors, hoping to reproduce those health-enhancing qualities in the laboratory, used chalk and acid to carbonate water. 1760s: Carbonation techniques were first developed.1789: Jacob Schweppe began selling seltzer in Geneva.1798: The term soda water was coined.1800: Benjamin Silliman produced carbonated water on a large scale.1810: The first U.S. patent was issued for the manufacture of imitation mineral water.1819: The soda fountain was patented by Samuel Fahnestock.1835: The first soda water was bottled in the U.S. Adding Flavor Sweetens the Soda Business No one knows exactly when or by whom flavorings and sweeteners were first added to seltzer but mixtures of wine and carbonated water became popular in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. By the 1830s, flavored syrups made from berries and fruit were developed, and by 1865, a supplier was advertising different seltzers flavored with pineapple, orange, lemon, apple, pear, plum, peach, apricot, grape, cherry, black cherry, strawberry, raspberry, gooseberry, pear, and melon. But perhaps the most significant innovation in the realm of soda flavoring came in 1886, when J.S. Pemberton, using a combination of kola nut from Africa and cocaine from South America, created the iconic taste of Coca-Cola. 1833: The first effervescent lemonade was sold.1840s: Soda counters were added to pharmacies.1850: A manual hand-and-foot-operated filling and  corking device was first used for bottling soda water.1851: Ginger ale was created in Ireland.1861: The term pop was coined.1874: The first ice-cream soda was sold.1876: Root beer  was mass-produced for public sale for the first time.1881: The first cola-flavored beverage was introduced.1885: Charles Alderton invented Dr. Pepper in Waco, Texas.1886: Dr. John S. Pemberton created Coca-Cola in Atlanta, Georgia.1892: William Painter invented the crown bottle cap.1898: Caleb Bradham invented Pepsi-Cola.1899: The first patent was issued for a glass blowing machine used to produce glass bottles. An Expanding Industry The soft drink industry expanded rapidly. By 1860, there were 123 plants bottling soft drink water in the United States. By 1870, there were 387, and by 1900, there were 2,763 different plants. The temperance movement in the United States and Great Britain is credited with spurring the success and popularity of carbonated beverages, which were seen as wholesome alternatives to alcohol. Pharmacies serving soft drinks were respectable, bars selling alcohol were not. 1913 Gas-motored trucks replaced horse-drawn carriages as delivery vehicles.1919: The American Bottlers of Carbonated Beverages was formed.1920: The U.S. Census reported the existence of more than 5,000 bottling plants.1920s: The first automatic vending machines dispensed soda into cups.1923: Six-pack soft drink cartons called Hom-Paks were created.1929: The Howdy Company debuted its new drink Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Sodas (later renamed 7up).  1934: Colored labeling makes its soft-drink-bottle debut. In the original process, the coloring was baked on the bottle.1942: The American Medical Association recommended Americans limit their intake of added sugar in diets and specifically mentioned soft drinks.1952: The first diet soft drink- a ginger ale called No-Cal Beverage produced by Kirsch- was sold. Mass Production In 1890, Coca-Cola sold 9,000 gallons of its flavored syrup. By 1904, the figure had risen to one million gallons of Coca-Cola syrup sold annually. The latter half of the 20th century saw extensive development in the production methodology for the manufacture of carbonated beverages, with particular emphasis on bottles and bottle caps. 1957: Aluminum cans for soft drinks were introduced.1959: The first diet cola was sold.1962: The pull-ring tab was invented by Alcoa. It was first marketed by the Pittsburgh Brewing Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.1963: In March, the Pop Top beer can, invented by Ermal Fraze of Kettering, Ohio, was introduced by the Schlitz Brewing Company.1965: Soft drinks in cans were first dispensed from vending machines.1965: The resealable top was invented.1966: The American Bottlers of Carbonated Beverages was renamed the National Soft Drink Association.1970: Plastic bottles for soft drinks were introduced.1973: The PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) bottle was created.1974: The stay-on tab was introduced by the Falls City Brewing Company of Louisville, Kentucky.1979: Mello Yello soft drink was introduced by The Coca-Cola  Company as competition against Mountain Dew.1981: The talking vending machine  was invented. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: Health and Diet Concerns Soda pops negative impact on health issues was recognized as early as 1942, however, the controversy did not hit critical proportions until the close of the 20th century. Concerns grew as links between soda consumption and conditions such as tooth decay, obesity, and diabetes were confirmed. Consumers railed against soft drink companies commercial exploitation of children. In homes and in the legislature, people began to demand change. The annual consumption of soda in the United States rose from 10.8 gallons per person in 1950 to 49.3 gallons in 2000. Today, the scientific community refers to soft drinks as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). 1994: Studies linking sugary drinks to weight gain were first reported.2004: The first connection with Type 2 diabetes and SSB consumption was published.2009: SSB Weight gain in children and adults was confirmed.2009: With a mean tax rate of 5.2 percent, 33 states implement taxes on soft drinks.2013: New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg proposed a law prohibiting businesses from selling SSBs larger than 16 ounces. The law was rejected on appeal.2014: The relationship between SSB intake and hypertension was confirmed.2016: Seven state legislatures, eight city governments, and the Navajo Nation issue or propose laws restricting sales, imposing taxes, and/or requiring warning labels on SSBs.2019: In a study of 80,000 women released by the journal, Stroke, it was found that postmenopausal women who drink two or more artificially sweetened beverages per day (whether carbonated or not) were linked to an earlier risk of stroke, heart disease, and early death. Sources: Ax, Joseph. Bloombergs ban on big sodas is unconstitutional: appeals court. Reuters 20 July 2017. Online, downloaded 12/23/2017. Brownell, Kelly D., et al. The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing Sugar-Sweetened Beverages. New England Journal of Medicine 361.16 (2009): 1599–605. Print.Kick the Can. Legislative Campaigns.  Kick the Can: giving the boot to sugary drinks. (2017). Online. Downloaded 23 December 2017.Popkin, B. M., V. Malik, and F. B. Hu. Beverage: Health Effects. Encyclopedia of Food and Health. Oxford: Academic Press, 2016. 372–80. Print.Schneidemesser, Luanne Von. Soda or Pop? Journal of English Linguistics 24.4 (1996): 270–87. Print.Vartanian, Lenny R., Marlene B. Schwartz, and Kelly D. Brownell. Effects of Soft Drink Consumption on Nutrition and Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Public Health 97.4 (2007): 667–75. Print.Wolf, A., G. A. Bray, and B. M. Popkin. A Short History of Beverages and How Our Body Treats Them. Obesity Reviews 9.2 (2008): 151–64. Print. Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani, PhD; Victor Kamensky, MS; JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH; Brian Silver, MD; Stephen R. Rapp, PhD; Bernhard Haring, MD, MPH; Shirley A.A. Beresford, PhD; Linda Snetselaar, PhD; Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, PhD. Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Stroke, Coronary Heart Disease, and All-Cause Mortality in the Women’s Health Initiative. Stroke (2019)